chapter 2 涔呭埆浼氶噸閫?/h1>

鍙︿竴杈癸紝鍦ㄥス璧板悗娌″涔呮杈勫師鐨勬墜鏈洪椆閾冨氨鍝嶄簡锛屽叧鎺夐搩澹帮紝闀挎湡鐨勪範鎯娇鐒讹紝鍏跺疄鍗充娇涓嶇敤闂归挓锛屽埌浜嗚繖鏃跺欙紝鐢熺墿閽熶篃浼氳浠栬嚜鐒舵竻閱掞紝鍙槸蹇樹竴鐩翠簡鍒狅紝灏卞儚涓浜涗範鎯繕浜嗘敼

鈥斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺旀椂闂村垎鍓茬嚎鈥斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺?br />

鈥滆緞鍘燂紝濡傛灉濡堝鍜岀埜鐖哥濠氫簡浣犺璺熻皝锛熲?br />

鈥滆窡濡堝鍚р濆叾瀹炶窡璋侀兘鏃犳墍璋擄紝涓嶈繃楣垮笇濂藉儚鏇村枩娆㈠濡堬紝骞村辜鐨勬杈勫師杩欐牱鎯?br />

鐩村埌鐪嬪埌瀹堕噷鐖哥埜鍜岄箍甯岀殑涓滆タ绐佺劧娑堝け锛屾杈勫師鎵嶇獊鐒舵剰璇嗗埌鑷繁鐘簡涓涓ぇ閿?br />

鈥滃濡硅窡鐖哥埜浜嗭紝浠ュ悗鎴戜滑姣嶅瓙淇╀竴璧风敓娲烩濆嚑涔庨┈涓婂氨瑕佺牬纰庣殑澹伴煶锛屽拰妤氳緞鍘熺灛闂撮粦鏆楃殑涓栫晫

鈥滄垜浠笉鑳藉拰濡瑰涓璧峰悧锛熷鈥?br />

鈥滃鐭ラ亾浣犲緢鐖卞笇甯岋紝鎯冲拰濡瑰鍦ㄤ竴璧凤紝浣嗕綘鏈夋病鏈夋兂杩囩埜鐖镐篃寰堢埍甯屽笇锛屽緢闇瑕佸ス鈥?br />

鈥滈偅浣犱滑灏卞啀缁撳鍟婏紝涓轰粈涔堜竴瀹氳鍒嗗紑锛熲?br />

閭ｄ釜濂充汉鐨勭溂娉敯鐨勪竴涓嬪氨涓嬫潵浜嗏滀綘浠ヤ负鎴戜笉鎯冲悧锛熸垜灏藉姏浜嗭紝鐪熺殑灏藉姏浜嗭紝鎴戞湁浠涔堝姙娉曪紝浠栧張涓嶅惉锛屽氨鐭ラ亾璧岋紝鎴戜竴澶╂棭鏅氫袱浠藉伐鍦ㄦ墦锛岃渚涗綘浠涔︼紝杩樿闃叉浠栧伔瀹堕噷鐨勯挶锛岃兘璇寸殑鑳藉仛鐨勬垜閮借瘯杩囦簡锛屽憸鍛滃憸鍛渵~~鈥?br />

鈥滈偅灏辫鎴戝拰濡瑰鍑哄幓浣忥紝鎴戞潵鐓ч【濡瑰鈥濇杈勫師婊¤剳瀛愰兘鏄箍甯屽摥鐫鍠婂摜鍝ョ殑鏍峰瓙锛屽浜庢瘝浜茶韩鍢跺姏绔殑鐥涜瘔瀹屽叏鏃犳硶鎰熷悓韬彈

鈥滃嚭鍘讳綇锛熶綘浠ヤ负浣犲澶ф湰浜嬶紝浣犱細鍋氶キ鎵撴壂鍗敓鍚楋紵濡瑰鐢熺梾浜嗕綘浼氭寕鍙峰彨鍖荤敓鍚楋紵鏈涓昏鐨勯挶浠庡摢閲屾潵锛熷吇浣犳垜宸茬粡寰堣緵鑻︿簡锛岀畻濡堝姹傛眰浣狅紝鍒啀缁欐垜娣讳贡浜嗗ソ涓嶅ソ锛佲?br />

鈥滀笉濂?澶т笉浜嗭紝鎴戜笉璇讳功浜嗭紝鎴戝幓鎵撳伐鎸ｉ挶锛屼笉鑺变綘浠殑锛屾垜鎵嶄笉鍍忎綘浠紝鍏讳笉娲昏繕鐢熸垜浠?鈥濇杈勫師鍙毞閬擄紝闅忓嵆鑴搁涓鐥涳紝鏈夌敓浠ユ潵鐨勬尐鐨勭涓涓反鎺?br />

鈥滀綘鎬庝箞杩欎箞鑷鈥濈涓娆¤繖涓俯鏌斿潥寮虹殑濂充汉灞曢湶鍑轰簡濂圭殑鐤叉儷涓庡灞堬紝妯竷琛涓濈殑鐪肩潧閲屽啓婊′簡澶嶆潅鐨勬劅鎯呪滄垜杈涜嫤骞叉椿锛岀敋鑷宠传琛鏅曞掓專鐨勯挶鎬庝箞灏卞吇浜嗕綘杩欎箞涓病鑹績鐨勪笢瑗匡紝浣犳兂鍑哄幓锛熷彲浠ワ紝鍏堟妸鎴戝吇浣犵殑閽辫繕瀹岋紝鎶婃垜鐨勯挶杩樼粰鎴戯紝浣犵埍鎬庝箞鏍锋庝箞鏍凤紒涓嶆妸鎴戦挶杩樺畬锛屼綘灏卞摢閮藉埆鎯冲幓鈥?br />

瀵逛簬澶т汉鏉ヨ锛岃繖浠朵簨鍙兘灏辨槸鍗¤繃鐨勪竴鏍归奔鍒猴紝骞朵笉浼氬奖鍝嶇敓娲荤殑杞ㄨ抗锛屽彧鏄伓灏旀兂璧锋潵鐨勬椂鍊欓殣闅愪綔鐥涳紝浣嗗浜庢杈勫師鏉ヨ锛岃繖鍗存槸鍦ㄤ粬蹇冮噷鍩嬩笅鐨勭瀛愶紝骞跺湪寰鍚庣殑鐢熸椿閲岄愭笎鍙戣娊鎴愰暱锛屽鏋滄病閽卞彲浠ヨ澶鍒嗙锛屽鏋滈挶鍙互鑱旂郴姣嶅瓙锛屾槸涓嶆槸鎰忓懗鐫锛屽鏋滀粬鏈変簡瓒冲鐨勫吇娲诲濡圭殑閽憋紝灏变竴鐩磋兘鐢熸椿鍦ㄤ竴璧峰憿锛?br />

绛旀鏄棤瑙ｏ紝鎴愰暱杩欎欢浜嬶紝浠栨瘮鍒汉鐢ㄤ簡鏇村皯鐨勬椂闂存濊冿紝鏇村鐨勬椂闂村幓灏濊瘯锛岀粓浜庡湪涓涓粦鐧借壊鐨勯洦澶╋紝榛戠櫧鐩告閲岀敺浜虹殑鐩厜涓紝浠栨帴杩囧皯濂崇殑鎵嬧滀箙绛変簡锛屽摜鍝ユ帴浣犲洖瀹朵簡鈥?br />

鈥斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺旀椂闂村垎鍓茬嚎鈥斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺斺?

婕暱鐨勫洖蹇嗕箣鍚庢槸娣辨繁鐨勭┖铏氾紝绌烘皵閲屼豢浣涜繕娈嬬暀鐫鍒氬垰灏戝コ鐣欎笅鐨勯Θ棣欙紝铏界劧鏃惰嚦浠婃棩锛屼粬涔熻繕涓嶇煡閬撻偅涓瓟妗堬紝浣嗕粠涓庡ス閲嶉㈢殑閭ｅぉ璧凤紝灏卞凡缁忓喅瀹氭棤鎵涓嶈兘